证券的概念与功能

张学亮

1.概念
广义上说，证券是各类经济权益凭证的统称。在民法中，“物”的一种就是有价证券，它不仅指股票、债券等，而且包括票据、提单等权益凭证。
狭义上的证券，仅指在证券交易所交易的权利凭证，表明持有者对证券上代表的经济利益的权利。其中最典型的是股票、债券和基金单位。
本书所称的“证券”即指狭义上的证券。

2.功能
证券属于中长期的直接融资工具。筹资人通过发行这类证券，直接从投资人手中获得可以长期使用的资金。企业发展所需要的资金，也可以通过银行贷款或者自身积累等渠道获得，但银行贷款大多为短期融资，自身积累资金的速度也比较慢，因此，市场经济国家中，企业筹集中长期资金的速度也比较慢，因此，市场经济国家中，企业筹集中长期资金的主要手段就是发行股票或者债券。
通过发行证券，发行人与投资人之间建立了股权关系或者债券债务关系。投资人可以持有证券，以获得股息分红或利息；也可以通过在证券交易所进行证券交易，将证券转让给其他投资人，从而提前收回自己的投资。

siyue1014

不理解  完全外行  不过还是希望多了解一些证券知识

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