现代语言学笔记详解 [复制链接]

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CHAPTER ONE

1. 语言学的主要分支是什么。每个分支的研究对象是什么？

Linguistics mainly involves the following branches:

General linguistics, which is the study of language as a whole and which deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study

Phonetics, which studies the sounds that are used in linguistic communication

Phonology, which studies how sounds are put together and used in communication

Morphology, which studies the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words

Syntax, which studies how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences

Semantics, which is the study of meaning in language.

Pragmatics, which is the study of meaning not in isolation, but in context of use

Sociolinguistics, which is the study of language with reference to society

Psycholinguistics, which is the study of language with reference to the workings of mind.

Applied linguistics, which is concerned about the application of linguistic findings in linguistic studies; In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages.

Other related branches are anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics, mathematical linguistics, and computational linguistics.

2. 现代语言学与传统语法有什么区别？

Traditional grammar is prescriptive; it is based on "high "(religious, literary) written language . It sets models for language users to follow. But Modern linguistics is descriptive; its investigations are based on authentic, and mainly spoken language data. It is supposed to be scientific and objective and the task of linguists is supposed to describe the language people actually use, whether it is "correct" or not.